IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
從不同方向發(fā)展起來(lái)的DCS在結(jié)構(gòu)上、軟件方面有些區(qū)別。儀表公司開(kāi)發(fā)的DCS的控制器的軟件部分比較符合儀表工程人員應(yīng)用的習(xí)慣，特別是組態(tài)方式比較方便。計(jì)算機(jī)公司設(shè)計(jì)的DCS的相關(guān)軟件的功能比較強(qiáng)大，人機(jī)界面比較友好。
從理論上來(lái)講，DCS可以用于不同的工藝過(guò)程，它是通用的控制設(shè)備。但是，DCS的制造廠家可能專長(zhǎng)于某一領(lǐng)域。如：HONEYWELL公司的早期產(chǎn)品TDC2000、TDC3000，主要用于石化部門。BAILEY公司的N90、INFI90主要用于電力系統(tǒng)，ROSEMOUNT公司的RS3、DeltaV大多用于化工系統(tǒng)。因?yàn)椴煌に囘^(guò)程會(huì)有一些特殊要求，如：石油化工部門一定要有選擇性控制，電廠一定要有電調(diào)設(shè)備和事件順序記錄模塊，造紙廠要有橫向水分控制，水泥行業(yè)一定要有大純滯后控制補(bǔ)償?shù)取Ｒ虼诉x用DCS時(shí)考慮廠家的技術(shù)人員對(duì)本行業(yè)的工藝流程熟悉程度也是很有必要的。
2.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線系統(tǒng)（FCS）
2.2.1 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線
現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是應(yīng)用在生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、在微機(jī)化測(cè)量控制設(shè)備之間實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向串行多節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)字通信的系統(tǒng)，也被稱為開(kāi)放式、數(shù)字化、多點(diǎn)通信的底層控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)將專用微處理器置入傳統(tǒng)的測(cè)量控制儀表中，使它們各自都有數(shù)字計(jì)算和數(shù)字通訊能力，采用可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單連接的雙絞線作為總線，把多個(gè)測(cè)量控制儀表連接成網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，并按公開(kāi)、規(guī)范的通訊協(xié)議，在位于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的多個(gè)微機(jī)化測(cè)量控制設(shè)備之間以及總線儀表與遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控計(jì)算機(jī)之間實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸與信息交換，形成各種適應(yīng)實(shí)際需要的自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)。
現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是當(dāng)今自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域技術(shù)發(fā)展的熱點(diǎn)之一，被譽(yù)為自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域的計(jì)算機(jī)局域網(wǎng)。它的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著工業(yè)控制技術(shù)領(lǐng)域又一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開(kāi)始，其特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在以下方面。
(1) 全數(shù)字化:將企業(yè)管理與生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化有機(jī)結(jié)合一直是工業(yè)界夢(mèng)寐以求的理想，但只有FCS出現(xiàn)以后這種理想才有可能高效、低成本地實(shí)現(xiàn)。在采用FCS的企業(yè)中，用于生產(chǎn)管理的局域網(wǎng)能夠與用于自動(dòng)控制的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)緊密銜接。此外，數(shù)字化信號(hào)固有的高精度、抗干擾特性也能提高控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性。
(2) 全分布式:在FCS中各現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備有足夠的自主性，它們彼此之間相互通信，完全可以把各種控制功能分散到各種設(shè)備中，而不再需要一個(gè)中央控制計(jì)算機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的分布式控制。
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